Help Wanted – How the Un Failed in Rwanda

Help Wanted World Politics POLS*1500 Word Count 1,562 lineation This paper aims to questions the linked Nations ability to create and maintain cessation within a country. This paper execute examine the extent of symbolizeion that the UN commits when a nation encounters internal skirmish. Looking at the Rwanda genocide, the paper concludes that the UN is ineffectual at creating and building slumber. Help Wanted During the twentieth century the world entered into a new subject argona of international relations. New technology which led to military advancements evoked countries to act out wars that were unprecedented in past generations.When their was conflict between nations, it became easier to cause destruction towards the other nation because of new advanced technology, and hence the brutality of war was far worse. After World War II, which many call the most dire war of the century, 51 countries came together and formed the United Nations in 1945. This transcription set standards for morality so that the world would not slang to experience the alike brutality that they had faced during World War II. It encourage cooperation and peace between countries. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. former Ameri great deal ambassador once express that,the primary, the fundamental, the essential purpose of the United Nations is to keep peace. Everything it does which helps prevent World War III is good. Everything which does not merely that goal, either directly or indirectly, is at best superfluous. 1 The United Nations was an organization whos article of faith was to create an international center of understanding and cooperation. Although this was a clear goal, this was a difficult task for the UN because it bear on so many different states and actors.The Rwanda race murder is an example of the United Nations inability to fulfill its goal. In the archean 1990s, the nation of Rwanda faced a ruthless internal conflict between two races, the Tutsis and the Hutus . Although these two races had the same religion, culture, and language, they saw themselves as different because of past colonial influences that had ensued this society for decades. 2 Although mass killing were fetching place in Rwanda, the UN did not intervene to the extent that was demanded.The United Nations undecipherable peacekeeping tactics, lack of resources, and unwillingness to use propel during the 1994 Rwanda genocide led to the murder of over 800, 000 Rwandans and evoked disgrace towards the organization that promised peace. The unfolding events of the Rwanda Conflict had much to do with the hatred that Tutsis and Hutus felt for one another. It was viewed by many as a genocide, but the Security Council of the United Nations had much hesitation accepting that conclusion.In the Charter of the United Nations, it states in Chapter I, word 2 that, nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state3. The UN believed that within a nation, the government should overtop its sedentary conflicts and the organization should not intervene with such matters. However, promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms is the UNs main goal, and thitherfore the organization should intervene in internal conflicts if they believe these rights are being denied.This unclear practice caused the UN to make decisions about intervening in the Rwanda conflict for it depended on the basis opinions of the Security Council instead of decisions based on facts4. Because the definition of genocide could not be construed to an individual conflict, it was up to the Security Council and there underlying goals to come to a decision. As thousands of people were being murdered based on their race, the UN unclear peacekeeping regulations held the organization back from acting. This was also seen when Mr.Waly Bacre Ndiaye, a Amnesty int ernational representative, reported to the UN recommending a serial publication of steps to prevent further massacres but the report seemed to be largely ignored by the tell apart actors within the United Nations5. By not taking into consideration the opinions of firsthand witnesses of the genocide, the UN disregarded its duty to cheer and build peace within this nation. These irresponsible peacekeeping tactics caused the organization to fail in their pacifistic pursuits and ultimately led to the death of thousands. Without taking into onsideration Rwandas cultural instability and their need for reassert, the United Nations was thereof unsuccessful. As the conflict in Rwanda continued to progress to a critical state, the UN did not seem to have the resources infallible to offset and keep the peace within the country. This has to do with the economic expense of peacekeeping. It is believe that the intercommunicate cost of peacekeeping rose from some US $600 million in 1991 to an estimated US $2. 3 gazillion for 19936. States were unwilling to contribute to a greater extent to the UN because they had other concerns that were higher in national interest.The United Nations had to ration the support they gave to each cause and therefore the demanded assistance in a nation could not always be met. When the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was planning their second phase of their mission to create peace, there was no estimate of the date of further deployment because the necessary additional resources had not been made useable7. Without the proper materials and supplies available to the United Nations, the organizations power to act was limited because of the lack of resources.It is believed that, the predicament of the United Nations is the mismatch of large responsibilities and few powers to fulfill them8 This problem was seen in Rwanda Genocide. The United Nations had so many responsibilities to the world, and yet, the major actors in this organization did not know how to allocate their assistance. The UNs lack of resources caused a halt in their ability to neutralize the conflict in Rwanda which allowed the massacres to continue, thus, the organization ultimately failed in its peacekeeping pursuits.The United Nations inability to secure peace in Rwanda had much to do with the organizations unwillingness to use military force. When discussing the Rwanda Conflict, the Canadian Forces stated that, in position to prevent or suppress the crime of genocide, the necessary international military will should have been marshaled and mobilized9. Although the UN does not promote the use of military force, and have many steps of peacekeeping before employing this option, the brutality of the Rwanda Genocide could not have been resolved by means of negotiation.This was seen done the stroke of The Arusha Accord. Although all the parties in Rwanda had sign(a) this peace agreement, the negotiations created bitterness and a bandon between the two groups of people which escalated the conflict10. During the UNs decisions about the conflict, there seemed to be a overriding consideration to avoid entering into a course of action that might lead to the use of force and unanticipated repercussions11. The UN was unwilling to send troops into Rwanda because of the unforeseen violence that was taking place.The telephone call for help was tremendous, however, the conflicts escalating tension and violence caused the organization to weigh its obligation to this cause. Once the United Nations created a plan of action to be implemented in Rwanda, the size of force was far to atomic to meet the assigned mandate within the increasingly tense conditions12. Though the United Nations was contributing to creating peace, it lacked the force that was needed. Lieutenant-General-0 Dallaire sent UN Headquarters a draft of Rules of Engagement pecifically allowing the mission to act, and even to use force, in repartee to crim es against humanity and other abuses13 Headquarters, however, never responded. The fear of the repercussions and losses due to implementing military force in Rwanda caused the violence to continue. quietness could only be implemented in Rwanda if the United Nations used military forces as power. Karl Maier a German author stated that, in Rwanda, one persons God is another persons Satan14. The peace needed in the nation would only be achieved by using force and commanding the violence to stop.The UNs unwillingness to provide the military forces that were demanded allowed the Rwanda massacres to continue and therefore illustrates the United Nations failure during this conflict. The United Nations failure to bring peace to Rwanda was due to the organizations unclear peacekeeping tactics, lack of resources and unwillingness to use military force. This conflict caused many deaths that could have been avoided if the UN had implemented the proper plans and created clear, logical tactics. Although the events are tragic, the United Nations had much to learn, and many adjustments needed to make in applying peace in the future15. The former Secretariat of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, has given public apologizes and tether actors in the Security Council including former American president Bill Clinton, have expressed their regret to act during the Rwanda genocide. The UN has conducted inquiries to try to understand how a conflict of this magnitude could occur without the United Nations having the ability to neutralize the situation. By understanding the causes, the hope is that history will not repeat itself.The United Nations has taken responsibility for their failure to provide peace within Rwanda. This has led to the organizations credibility to grow in recent years through their work internationally to help build and keep the peace. Although the United Nations did not provide peace in Rwanda, they have had a tremendous affect on the cooperation between different countries. If this international organization can create clear procedures of how to deal with, and when to intervene in internal problems, the United Nations will have more success in their pursuits. Footnotes 1. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Quotes, Think Exist, November 2, 2011, http//thinkexist. com/quotation/the_primary-the_fundamental-the_essential_purpose/344191. html 2. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict Its grow and Regional Implications Second Edition, (Kampala, Uganda Fountain Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 3-4. 3. Purpose and Principles, in The Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the global romance of Justice, ed, United Nations (San Francisco, 1945) 3. 4. Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to Genocide The United Nations and Rwanda, (New York Cornell University Press, 2003), 2. . United Nations, Rwanda Genocide and UNs Contribution, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 7. 6. Neil Riemer, International Peace and Security The Cost of Waging Peace, (USA Praeger Publishers, 2000) 63. 7. Jam es S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the tutelage of International Security a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 75. 8. Mariano Aguirre, Power and Paradox in the United Nations, in Open republic (November 2006) accessed October 31, 2011 www. pendemocracy. net/globalization-institutions_government/un_paradox_4073. jsp-1 9. Learning From the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, National Defense and the Canadian Forces, November 6, 2011, http//www. journal. dnd. ca/vo6/no2/human-humain-eng. asp 10. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict Its grow and Regional Implications Second Edition, (Kampala, Uganda Fountain Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 27-30. 11. United Nations, Rwanda Genocide and UNs Contribution, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 11. 12. James S.Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 74. 13. United Nations, Rwanda Geno cide and UNs Contribution, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 9. 14. Karl Maier, Into the House of the Ancestors Inside the New Africa, (San FranciscoJohn Wiley, 1998), 273. 15. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 77.